Pregnancy in human

Pregnancy is formed by the combination of sperm and oocyte during the ovulation period. Therefore, it should be a healthy sperm and a healthy oocyte and should come together at the appropriate time. Oocyte (egg) viability period is 48 hours, sperm life is 72 hours. If the ovulation period is counted from the first day of menstruation in a woman having an average of 28-30 days, it is 14-15 days. When sperm and oocyte survival times are also taken into consideration; It is the appropriate time for pregnancy between the 11th and 18th days of menstruation, and this is the period of extra-day sexual activity pregnancy chance in the 7 days. However, in women with different menstrual cycles, the duration of ovulation may vary, if necessary, ovulation kits can be used.

Pregnancy is an average of 40 weeks, or 9 months and 10 days. Medically, your pregnancy begins on the first day of your menstrual cycle (the period from the first day of one menstrual period to the first day of menstrual bleeding of a woman of reproductive age) during your pregnancy. Therefore, the first week of your pregnancy is a period when you are not yet pregnant. You may not remember the date of your pregnancy clearly, but you will remember the first day of your Last Menstrual Day more easily. Therefore, while we doctor follows your pregnancy, we make our calculations according to the first day of your last menstrual period.

What happens in the first week of pregnancy?

With pregnancy, you may feel some changes in your body. So when do the pregnancy symptoms begin, let’s answer that first? The first symptoms may begin 5-10 days after fertilization. However, during this period, you may not be able to make sense of the symptoms you are feeling before, because there is still time for menstruation. Among the symptoms of pregnancy, the most common symptoms are:

Menstrual delay,
Sensitivity in the breast,
Nausea and vomiting,
frequent urination,
Disgust from food,
Sensitivity to odors,
Fatigue and fatigue.

The calendar we will present to you is an approximate estimate. Only about 5% of births take place on exactly the estimated dates. Most births can occur one week before or after the forecast in the pregnancy calendar. Each pregnancy is unique, and at approximate expected devilry date, baby delivery happens.

On the other hand, we should not forget that:

The numbers are seen irregularly,
Getting pregnant with IVF treatment,
The delay of ovulation date,
Misunderstanding of the start date of the last menstruation

Such situations can cause deviations from expectant mothers during pregnancy weeks.

In such cases, the most accurate will be for your obstetrician to determine the week of pregnancy by performing ultrasound measurements. Your doctor will usually want a urine test, blood test, and smear test on your appointments to make sure everything is working properly.

When and how is the exact pregnancy determined?

Working women who do not conceive with the dream of becoming a mother wonder about pregnancy symptoms and whether there is a definite pregnancy or not. Pregnancy tests that result in pregnancy generally give an accurate result. But making a definitive judgment for pregnancy becomes clear only by your doctor’s test result. It is the first pregnancy blood test to be positive. Then the gestational sac should be seen. Here are the symptoms of pregnancy …

The process after fertilization of the egg in the womb is the earliest pregnancy result. There is no certainty of pregnancy due to the increase of hormones in this period, but it can provide evidence of pregnancy by giving different signals in the body. Here are the symptoms you can experience in this period.

When and how often to see a doctor?

If pregnancy is suspected, a doctor should be consulted immediately and a definitive diagnosis of pregnancy should be made.
The gestational sac is extremely important in the 5th week of pregnancy (1-week menstrual delay) to eliminate the external pregnancy.
Embryo and heartbeat should be detected in the 6th week of pregnancy.
After a healthy pregnancy is detected at 11-14 weeks. For dual screening test between weeks
20-22 weeks Level detailed ultrasonography between weeks
24-28 weeks. Interfaith examination and oral glucose tolerance test- OGTT (sugar loading test). OGTT is performed globally worldwide and has no negative impact on the mother or fetus.
Check every 2 weeks between 32-36 weeks and NST if necessary
36-40. A weekly check-up is required.

The onset of pregnancy can be determined in several different ways. This can be done by the pregnant woman without using a medical test or with the help of a medical test.

Most pregnant women experience symptoms that indicate this condition. These may include nausea and vomiting, extreme fatigue and fatigue, cravings for normally undesirable food, frequent urination at night.

Some early medical findings are also associated with pregnancy. These are after fertilization which occurs in the first few weeks. These symptoms do not diagnose alone, as in all pregnancies. These include signs of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood and urine, absence of menstrual bleeding, implantation bleeding in 3 or 4 weeks after the last menstrual bleeding, and an increase in basal body temperature for two weeks or longer after ovulation.

Pregnancy tests are based on the detection of hormones secreted by the newly-formed placenta. In the clinic, blood and urine tests can show pregnancy 12 days after the embryo has settled. Blood tests are more reliable. Home tests are urine tests and they cannot detect pregnancy before 12-15 days after fertilization.

After the embryo settles, the blastocyst cells secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to ensure that the corpus luteum in the ovary continues to produce progesterone. Thus, the inner surface of the uterus is protected and the embryo is fed.

Early ultrasound determines the gestational age quite accurately. In practice, doctors specify the gestational age as the starting point of the first day of the last menstruation.

Pregnancy tests

Pregnancy tests consist of blood (Beta-HCG) or pregnancy tests in the urine. HCG, pregnancy research, investigation of testicular and female genital tumors, etc. It is a test that can be used for purposes.

The tests are HCG measurement tests with the immunological method. Antigen deficiency in the very early period and antigen excess in the late period may lead to a negative test. Negative results do not eliminate the possibility of getting pregnant, and positive results do not mean definitive pregnancy.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Weight gain varies from woman to woman, but it is one of the most natural parts of pregnancy. However, the belief that “you are two living creatures, you should eat for two living beings ” is common in our country and it can cause permanent weight. Therefore, it will be beneficial to get the support of a doctor and dietitian to be able to eat regularly and healthy during pregnancy.

Weight gained during pregnancy:

It feeds the developing baby’s placenta and amniotic fluid,
Enables the uterus and udders to grow and prepare for birth,
Regulates blood circulation,
It increases the body’s water holding capacity,
And it contributes to essential oil storage.

Have your pregnancy sugar measured

Sugar, which can occur during pregnancy, can create a life-threatening risk for both mother and baby if not controlled. Normally every mother is 24-26. Scanned by sugar screening between weeks. But in advanced pregnancy, the sugar test should be done at 6-7 weeks of age. Otherwise, the baby has to struggle with high sugar in the womb for 6 months; causes serious problems for both baby and mother.

Increase in cellulite: Cellulite is very much related to rapid weight gain and excess fat in the short term. For this reason, gaining controlled weight during pregnancy, consuming plenty of fluids, paying attention to approximately 3 liters of fluid a day, doing sports (swimming, walking, pregnancy yoga, pilates, etc.) accompanied by your physician may prevent cellulite formation. On the other hand, it is beneficial to stay away from cycling as it can damage the abdomen and pelvic muscles.

Change in hormones in the mother at the 3rd week of pregnancy

In the 3rd week of pregnancy, too many hormonal changes are observed in the mother. Even the expectant mother may not be aware that she is pregnant yet since her menstrual day is not delayed. However, there are still symptoms that appear at first in pregnancy. These are usually seen in the early stages, and these symptoms are not seen as the pregnancy progresses. The most obvious of these is cramping in the groin area. Pain in the breasts and excessive stress in the expectant mother. In other words, all of the symptoms seen in the menstrual period can be seen. In addition to this, the probability of high fever in the mother-to-be during this period is high. Again, the expectant mother may experience dizziness and nausea problems. Although there is no physical change, biological changes are also in the 3rd week of pregnancy. Although there is no pregnancy yet, symptoms are seen because of the fetus.

Trip

Unless otherwise stated, you can take short trips. On longer trips, you need to take a short walk every two hours. There is no disadvantage when traveling with cabin pressure adjusted planes. Due to the discomfort of the seat belts, it is beneficial to sit back in the seats.

Pay Attention to Drug Use

During any period of pregnancy (especially in the first 3 months), no drugs should be drunk without consulting an obstetrician. There are various antibiotics, painkillers, or anti-nausea agents that are safe to use from the beginning of pregnancy, but you should consult your doctor about which one to use. In the first 3 months, especially tetracycline and ciprofloxacin group antibiotics should not be used, antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs should be avoided as much as possible.

Learned during pregnancy, some of the unexpected situations that cause new decisions and that need to see a doctor immediately:

Severe lower back and abdominal pain are felt and if bleeding is increased.
If there is uncomfortable pain in the abdominal area and bleeding, vomiting and nausea are added to this pain.
If the swelling of the hand and face is above normal.
If blood comes from the breast or excretory organs during discharge.
If the visual function is disturbed like a blur.
In case of severe headache, dizziness.
If there are persistent faints.
If extra conditions such as chills, chills, itching are observed, it is necessary to visit the doctor as soon as possible.

All these issues are among the conditions that need to be considered during the pregnancy period and to be careful for the baby to develop healthily.

Not feeling the baby’s kicks: Baby’s movements are felt in 18-20 weeks in the first pregnancy. This is related to the baby’s weight reaching 400-500 grams. At the 32nd week, 1/3 of the babies appear to have the baby’s butt down, so pregnant women feel the movements at the bottom. After 32 weeks, it comes upside down, and movements are felt higher.

Sleeping positions

Bedtime position is also important among matters to be considered during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the uterus puts all its weight on the backbone and back muscles, which can lead to compression of blood vessels. For this reason, it is not recommended to lie on your back towards the last weeks of pregnancy, but the baby will not be harmed even if it is turned on your back during sleep. The most correct position during pregnancy is to lie on its side. Although it is known that it is better to lie on the left side to provide blood flow more easily, the mother candidate can take a lying position in the direction she feels comfortable. Putting a pillow between the bent knees while lying down can also provide a more comfortable sleep for the expectant mother. Although it is not a fear to change the position during sleep, it is among the things to be considered during pregnancy; As soon as it is noticed, the mother is recommended to return to her right or left and sleep.

Bowel movements

During pregnancy, your bowel movements may be irregular and you may experience severe constipation. Therefore, try to gain the habit of going to the toilet once a day during pregnancy. Eat vegetables and fruits to get rid of these complaints. You can keep your bowel movements regular by drinking the appropriate amount of water and doing simple daily exercises.

Taking a hot bath: All kinds of heat, such as baths, saunas, and spas, cause the widening of the veins in the expectant mother and may lead to low blood pressure. Normally, people may be resistant to this type of hypotension, while pregnant women may feel dizzy and faint. Also, sulfur in the hot springs can cause discomfort. Therefore, avoid excessive heat.

PREGNANCY TENSION: Although pregnancy is defined as a physiological event, it affects every organ in the female body, causing some changes. And since these changes cannot be accepted as normal by every woman, some problems may arise. The most common and considered the most important of these is pregnancy blood pressure. This problem, also known as “pregnancy poisoning” among the people, arises when the blood pressure of the expectant mother increases due to the changes in the vascular structure during pregnancy. Since it has different features than high blood pressure seen in old age, it can cause serious problems such as brain bleeding, intra-organ bleeding in the mother, separation of the spouse from the mother, and death of the baby in the womb. When serious conditions are encountered in pregnancy blood pressure, which is observed in 4-5 percent of pregnancies and which requires regular follow-up and treatment, the only treatment is to deliver the baby.

Pregnancy Exercises

There are many benefits to exercising during your pregnancy. However, you should make sure that these exercises are at a level that will not cause excessive fatigue. The mother must enter the birth event, which will require a great deal of energy, in full form. For this reason, it is useful to walk in the open and fresh air every day. Long and tiring walks are of no use. You should also avoid sudden and sharp movements and heavy lifting.

Pregnancy is consisting of 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period of the woman. Pregnancy is divided into three periods and each of these periods is called a trimester. First 12 weeks 1st trimester, 13-27. weeks 2nd trimester and weeks 28-40 make up the third trimester.

In the second 3-month period; side effects are reduced at the beginning of pregnancy. Symptoms specific to the last trimester have not started yet. This period is the period when you get used to the idea of pregnancy, you can spend the most comfortable and without complaints, be active, feel your baby. Especially after the 4th month, your abdomen begins to become apparent. Your clothes begin to turn into pregnant dresses or large sizes. Possible complaints usually depend on the rapid growth of the baby. While the uterus is growing, there may be abdominal groin pain, back pain, constipation, and heartburn due to both growth and pressure on other organs. Besides, there are pains due to relaxation and softening in the whole body and hip joint. As your abdomen grows, your body’s center of gravity changes forward, which is another cause of pain. Because the work of muscles and bones has changed. The important thing is whether these pains are disease pain such as preterm birth, diarrhea, appendicitis, gallstones, which will be decided by your doctor.

Leg cramps are also common in the second trimester. It usually occurs at night and is sometimes severe enough to wake up from sleep. In such pains, proper positioning, warm application, warm showers, pregnancy exercises, calcium, or magnesium supplements may be beneficial.

Stages of pregnancy:

Pregnancy is evaluated in 3 stages in terms of attention, problems, and risks. The phases are called “Trimester”.

1st Trimester; first 14 weeks.
2nd Trimester: 14-28. between weeks
2nd Trimester: 28th week to birth.T

Trimester: The first trimester is the most important period in terms of pregnancy diagnosis and problems and risks related to pregnancy.

During this period, physical and emotional symptoms may occur in the mother because the hormones increase very quickly. There may be a weakness, fatigue, general drowsiness, mood changes.
Edema, hot flashes, palpitations, and breathlessness may be felt due to fluid retention in the body.
Nausea, sensitivity to odors, vomiting, especially in 6-10 weeks. It can be seen between weeks. Hormones increase continuously in the first 10 weeks, and then, since they stabilize, stomach problems generally decrease after 10 weeks. Depending on the slowing of the gastrointestinal movements, abdominal distention, and gas problems, digestive problems may occur.
Breast tenderness and even milk may be observed in the breasts, soft braided bras without a bra during this period should be preferred.
It is normal to have cramp-like groin pain similar to a premenstrual period, especially on the right side, due to the growth of the uterus (uterus) from the beginning of pregnancy.

Frequent urination may occur due to the anatomically close neighborhood of the uterus and bladder.

Although there may be mild spotting bleeding in the 5th week of pregnancy, bleeding should never be considered normal in the first trimester and it is important to contact your doctor in case of bleeding. Vaginal bleeding should be considered as a threat of miscarriage and necessary treatments should be given after pregnancy is checked.

First trimester symptoms are usually 8-9 weeks. It reaches the maximum level during the weeks of gestation and these complaints usually disappear in the 12th week.

The second trimester of pregnancy 14-26 weeks. It is the period between trimesters. The second trimester is part of the challenging process, which includes the middle of pregnancy. The second trimester of pregnancy is now a period in which blood tests are reduced, only the development of the baby continues, and concerns about pregnancy are reduced. I am pregnant in the first trimester, did the pouch appear, was the heartbeat heard, the baby is normal is not the commonly asked questions anymore, instead commonly asked questions are how many kilos my baby is, how many kilos I lost, who does the baby look like in his photo on ultrasound, Are the internal organs brain tissue is fully developed, what should be the name. Pregnancy manifests itself more physically in the three months of the 2 trimesters as the baby grows. The mother candidate gained weight, her abdomen became apparent, the sex of her baby was learned, and preparations were started to be made for the baby gradually.

You may experience the following symptoms during the 2nd trimester:

Frequent urination.
Hemorrhoids due to constipation and constipation.
White discharge from the vagina.
Leg cramps.
Burning, indigestion, and gas in the stomach.
Itching sensation on the surface of the abdomen due to stretching and drying.
Changes in skin color on the abdomen and face.
Acceleration in the heartbeat, like blood pressure, will increase.
Sometimes your blood pressure rises.
Headaches and a feeling of fainting.
Hair loss.
The fast growth of hair and nails.
Nasal obstruction.
Hot flushes and more frequent sweating.
Dizziness and feeling of fainting.
In the arms, hands, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, which causes pinching, numbness, tingling, and tingling sensations in the neck area.

Also sleepiness during pregnancy also may occur from the first trimester.

The most enjoyable part of the 3rd Trimester during pregnancy is baby shopping. Now it’s time to set up the room you dreamed of for your baby, and to buy adorable clothes that you admire while passing by every baby shop window. The excitement of this and the feeling of making decisions with your partner are indescribable. Perhaps you felt this excitement in the search for a wedding dress that you dreamed of being like the last princesses, and when you set up your warm home with your spouse.

The 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy is ‘silver period’. Depending on the weight gain of the fetus, it is now the stage of birth that the mother may experience physical problems and ends with birth.

32-36 weeks- Monitoring should be done at 2-week intervals between weeks.
Baby movements should be followed carefully, and if a decrease is felt, contact the hospital immediately. The average number of normal fetal movements is 8-10 times, and the movements increase especially after resting and eating.
34-36 weeks – From weeks on, NST (nonstress test) should be performed to assess fetal well-being.
During this period, there may be false birth pains defined as Braxton-Hicks contractions. It does not matter whether there are uterine contractions that come at irregular intervals, but if it takes 2 hours at 10-15 minutes interval, it is necessary to contact the hospital.
There may be some edema in the feet in this period, but if hands and face edema, consult a doctor. To reduce edema, it is necessary to act frequently, not to sit for long periods and open shoes should be preferred.
Blood pressure (blood pressure) should be done at least once a week and it is important to contact your doctor urgently at values of 140/90 mmHg and above.
The normal delivery period is 37-40 weeks. From the 37th week on, the delivery bag with all necessary Items should be kept handy.
Nutrition should be disciplined just like in the 2nd Trimester and light sports activities can be continued.
After the 37th week, there may be a slimy bloody discharge, which is defined as “Engagement”, and it is the messenger of the birth process that will begin in the coming days.
If there is a decrease in baby movements, water supply, vaginal bleeding, or regular contractions, the hospital should be consulted.
If there is a green vaginal discharge, itching or odor, warts or similar lesions in the general area, it should be mentioned to the doctor, if necessary, infection treatment is important for vaginal delivery.

Some of the normal symptoms you may experience in the last month of your pregnancy include:

Frequent urination
Slimy vaginal discharge

Increased vaginal discharge

Back pain

Itching on the skin

Pelvic pressure
Milk leakage from the breasts
Percent of hair growth

“Lightening” —breathing is easier because your baby goes down

Decreased baby movement

Baby Movements in 9 Months of Pregnancy

It moves less because your baby’s place is narrowed. But you can still feel the thrusting movements of those tiny hands and feet while doing stretching movements inside.

During these weeks, you will feel hiccups in the form of small rhythmic jumps. Since the 9-month-old baby will move in the womb, except for sleep, it is good to follow your movements. If you don’t feel your movements for a while, talk to your doctor.

Your baby has completed all its development and is now looking forward to being born. The baby that you have been waiting for 8 months will be in your arms in a few weeks.

Your baby is now around 3000 – 3300 grams and is 50 centimeters in size. Now your baby, ready for birth, may want to make room for himself, so it is possible to gain a few pounds in the last month. However, you can observe swelling in your hands and feet. This is normal in the last month of your pregnancy.

ELECTRONIC FETAL TRACKING

It is the monitoring of the baby’s heart rhythm with a cardiotocography device during labor. Ideally, all babies in labor should be placed on fetal monitoring. All oxygen and nutrient exchange between the mother and the baby takes place through the placenta. Reasons that can affect the placenta may put the baby in trouble. Especially the periods when labor pains are frequent can be troublesome for the baby. The amount of blood that reaches the baby during uterine contractions may vary. In this case, the baby’s heartbeat slows down. Some forms of slowing down in the heartbeat are of good character and return to normal with the end of contractions, while slowing down may take a long time. In this case, the baby may need to be delivered as soon as possible.

End

Naturally, there are many changes in complaints in the month. Now your stomach

being overgrown makes it difficult for you to move, you have difficulty in breathing,

you cannot sleep comfortably and have difficulty walking. Here is the most we need to know

an important situation when your baby entangled in the birth canal. This is the last month

it takes place at the beginning. In this case, the stomach problems you experience are serious

It decreases. And the biggest problems of this month will be lower back pain, abdominals

contractions, and false birth pains.

40 weeks –You and Your Baby: You are now ready to embrace. Be patient, birth can start anytime. This week, your doctor will want to see you every 3 days. It constantly measures the cervix opening. 10 cm. In the opening reaching E, the first stage of birth is considered complete. In the second phase, the baby will progress and be born on the channel.